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Kimhi, David ben Josef (1160-1235)
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Vida
David ben Josef Kimhi fue un rabino y gramático medieval de origen occitano. Vio la luz en la ciudad de Narbona (Francia), localidad donde su familia, originaria de una localidad de la España musulmana, se había refugiado por las persecuciones debidas a la intolerancia religiosa de los almohades, dada, además, la gran filiación de las comunidades hebreas provenzales con las españolas. Era hijo del también rabino, gramático y lexicógrafo andalusí, Josef Kimhi (1107-1170). Debido a su formación y ascendencia, David conocía las lenguas occitana, mozárabe, hebrea, aramea y árabe. Se conservan muy pocos datos sobre su vida: huérfano desde muy temprana edad, desempeñó una considerable labor erudita y teológica que le granjeó un enorme prestigio y la protección de uno de los judíos contemporáneos más importantes de Occidente, el noble portugués Yahia ben Rabbi (ca. 1150-1222), conocido como Yahía el Negro, asentado en Lisboa y consejero del rey Alfonso I de Portugal (1109-1185). Es plausible –según la investigación– que David regresara a la Península, bien a uno de los reinos cristianos (podría ser el de Portugal o el principado de Cataluña), bien a la propia Al-Andalus de sus ancestros; de cualquier forma, lo que sí está claro es que llevó una vida itinerante recorriendo distintas juderías de la Europa occidental rodeado de una áurea de gran prestigio intelectual.
Su obra, basada en parte en los textos creados por su padre, consta de un tratado gramatical, denominado Miklol, y un diccionario, Sefer Hashorashim (Libro de las raíces). La primera de las obras fue traducida por el hebraísta español Alfonso de Zamora (1476-1544 o 1545) en 1523, aunque nunca fue llevada a las prensas.
Obra
- La gramática hebrea el Miklol, de David Qimhi y otros documentos recopilados y traducidos por Alfonso de Zamora, manuscrito de 1523, Biblioteca Nacional de España, Madrid, Mss/4188.
Bibliografía
- Sirat, Collete, A History of Jewish Philosophy in the Middle Age, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1985, varias págs.
- Talmage, Frank, «Kimḥi, David», en M. Berenbaum y F. Sholnik, Encyclopaedia Judaica, 12, Macmillan Reference, Detroit, 2007, págs. 155-156.
Jaime Peña Arce
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