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Sitjar, Buenaventura, O. F. M. (1739-1808)
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Buenaventura Sitjar nació en 1739 en Mallorca (España), y murió en 1808 en San Antonio (Texas, EE.UU.). Fue un misionero español ordenado en 1758 en la Orden Franciscana que, en 1770, lo destinaría a California. En 1771 llegó a San Diego. Allí fue uno de los franciscanos que colaboraron en la fundación de la misión de San Antonio de Padua, donde descansan sus restos. Hasta la fecha de su muerte en 1808 se produjo el bautismo de más de 3400 indios americanos. Sitjar escribió junto al padre Miguel un vocabulario de la lengua de esos indios de la misión, pues hablaba con fluidez su lengua: idioma salinero o telamé, catalogado como dialecto antoniano (por su relación con esta misión de San Antonio), que actualmente ha desaparecido al fallecer, en 1958, su último hablante. Asimismo, Fr. Buenaventura Sitjar participó en una exploración en 1795 y escribió un diario de ella. Gracias a esa exploración se fundó la misión de San Miguel Arcángel en 1797, y al dialecto del idioma salinero de esa región se le conoce como migueleño.
Fr. Buanventura Sitjar ofreció la pronunciación y explicación completa de los términos recogidos en su Vocabulario de la lengua de los naturales de la misión de San Antonio, Alta California (1861). La obra constituye el primer acercamiento a esta lengua americana, la lengua salinera, labor que sería continuada y profundizada por John Alden Mason (1885-1967) en su obra The language of the Salinan Indians (American Archaeology and Ethnology, 14, Universidad de California, 1918) y, muy especialmente por Katherine Turner en su tesis doctoral Aspects of Salinan Grammar (Universidad de California, Berkeley, 1987).
Obra
- Vocabulario de la lengua de los naturales de la misión de San Antonio, Alta California, Cramoisy Press, Nueva York, 1861.
Bibliografía
- Mascaró Pasarius, Josep (coord.), Historia de Mallorca, volumen 5, J. Mascaró Pasarius, Palma de Mallorca, 1974, págs. 545-548.
- Smith, Frances Rand, The Mission of San Antonio de Padua (California), Stanford University Press, California, 1932, págs. 16-81, en especial en las páginas 16-19, 67-69, 74 y 79.
- Turner, Katherine, Aspects of Salinan Grammar, Universidad de California Berkeley, California, 1987, págs. 4, 7, 109 y 113.
- Wilson, James Grant y John Fiske (eds.), Appleton's Cyclopædia of American Biography, volumen 6, Appleton and Company, Nueva York, 1900, pág. 543.
- Worden, Alastair y Randy Leffingwell, California Missions & Presidios, Voyageur Press, Minnesota, 2005, págs. 91 y 99-100.
Estela Calero Hernández
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