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Torres Rubio, Diego de, S. I. (1547-1638)
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Manchego de Alcázar de San Juan, entonces llamado Alcázar de Consuegra, ingresó en 1566 en la Compañía de Jesús y comenzó su noviciado en Valencia. Entre 1577 y 1579 embarcó a las Indias, instalándose en Lima por algún tiempo. De ahí pasó a Juli (actual capital de la provincia de Chucuito, departamento de Puno, sureste de Perú), donde entró en contacto con el aimara y con el otro gran pionero en el estudio de esa lengua, el también jesuita Ludovico Bertonio (1557-1625). Desde 1586 y hasta su muerte, vivió en distintas ciudades de la actual Bolivia: Potosí, La Paz y Chuquisaca (hoy Sucre), donde –además de aprender quechua– ocupó la cátedra de aimara por espacio de 30 años. Murió en esa ciudad habiendo alcanzado la extraordinaria edad, para su época, de 91 años.
Dedicó toda su vida al conocimiento y descripción de las lenguas y culturas amerindias. Aprendió primero aimara y después quechua, orden que seguramente denote la primacía del primero en aquellos años. Publicó, en primer lugar, un Arte aimara y quechua en Roma en 1603, reditada en Sevilla en 1609, obra que hoy solo se conoce por referencias. En 1616 publicó en Lima su Arte de la lengua aymara, con un pequeño vocabulario, reflejo del dialecto que de esa lengua se hablaba en Potosí. En 1619 –y también en Lima– vio la luz su Arte de la lengua quichua [...]. Esta última obra fue reditada en Lima con numerosas adiciones en 1754, como claro ejemplo de la preponderancia que –a diferencia de etapas anteriores– había adquirido esta lengua en Perú.
Obra
- Grammática y Vocabulario de la lengua Qyichua, Aymara y Española, Luis Zannetti, Roma, 1603. [Hoy perdida]
- Arte de la lengua aymara, Francisco del Canto, Lima, 1616.
- Arte de la lengua quichua, Francisco Lasso, Lima, 1619.
Bibliografía
- Albó, Xavier, «Notas sobre jesuitas y lengua Aymara», Anuario de la Academia Boliviana de Historia Eclesiástica (Sucre), 2, 1996-12997, págs. 99-114.
- Cerrón-Palomino, Rodolfo, «La obra aimarística de Mercier y Guzmán: Un inédito del siglo XVIII», Lexis, XXV, 2001, págs. 75-99.
- Torres Saldamando, Enrique, Los antiguos jesuitas del Perú. Biografías y apuntes para su historia, Imprenta Liberal, Lima, 1882, págs. 79-81.
Jaime Peña Arce
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