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García de Becerril, Juan (¿?-1588-¿?)
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Vida
Juan García de Becerril fue un latinista español del siglo XVI. Los datos que poseemos sobre la vida de este autor son escasísimos: solo sabemos que fue profesor de latín en el Colegio de San Lorenzo el Real de El Escorial (Madrid), institución muy vinculada a la corte de Felipe II (1527-1598) y en la que cursaron estudios muchos de sus miembros.
Las dos obras de García de Becerril legadas a la posteridad recrean ejercicios de otros profesores insertos en la formación del heredero de la corona española, el futuro Felipe III (1578-1621). La Expositio recrea un ejercicio creado por el preceptor del príncipe, García de Loaysa Girón (1534-1599), para que el heredero y otros compañeros de estudios, entre ellos Francisco de Sandoval y Rojas (1553-1625), futuro I Duque de Lerma y valido del tercer monarca de la casa de Austria, aprendieran la lengua latina. Parece que Loaysa utilizó como texto de referencia para su ejercicio los Comentarios de César (100 a.C.-44 a. C.). Tanto esta obra como la Altera exercitatio contienen sendas cartas introductorias de Martín de Segura (¿primera mitad del s. XVI?-1591), catedrático en la Universidad de Alcalá. Parte de la investigación defiende la existencia de una edición de la Expositio realizada en Amberes y previa a la de Alcalá (1588). De lo que sí hay constancia es de la existencia de una edición hecha en Flandes de Altera exercitatio (Amberes, Cristóbal Plantino, 1590) posterior a la impresa por Juan Íñiguez de Lequerica. Según los investigadores, la biblioteca de El Escorial atesora en forma manuscrita otras obras de García de Becerril de índole similar a las que vieron la luz en la imprenta.
Obra
- Expositio rerum gestarum in concertatione grammatica Philippi III […]. Collecta, Juan Íñiguez de Lequerica, Alcalá de Henares, 1588.
- Altera exercitatio grammatica Philippi Hispaniarum Principis, Juan Íñiguez de Lequerica, Alcalá de Henares, 1589.
Bibliografía
- Bouza Álvarez, Fernando, «Proprio Marte. Majestad y autoría en la alta edad moderna», en su Corre manuscrito. Una historia cultural del Siglo de Oro, Marcial Pons, Madrid, 2001, págs. 289-312.
- García-Alegre Sánchez, Genoveva, «Unas anotaciones a los Commentarii de César para la educación del príncipe Felipe, futuro Felipe III», Revista de Filología Española, LXXXV, 2005, págs. 49-59.
- Martínez Hernández, Santiago, «Pedagogía en Palacio: el Marqués de Velada y la educación del Príncipe Felipe (III), 1587-1598», Reales Sitios. Revista de Patrimonio Nacional, 142, 1999, págs. 34-49.
Jaime Peña Arce
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