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«Biblioteca Virtual de la Filología Española. A tool for society» 
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Bibliographic directory of dictionaries, grammars, books on the history of the Spanish language, orthography, prosody, metrics, dialogues...
Maliá, José María (¿?-1843-¿?) New!
Vida
Apenas se conocen datos biográficos sobre José María Maliá. Fue profesor de educación primaria en Mahón y director del colegio de enseñanza pública de dicha ciudad. Precisamente para sus alumnos escribió un Tratado de ortografía y prosodia castellana publicado en 1843. Maliá cree que su tratado presta un servicio a los niños y, especialmente, a sus alumnos al presentar una obra con reglas sencillas que pone al alcance y comprensión de los mismos. El objetivo de su obra no es demostrar los conocimientos lingüísticos del autor sino facilitar el aprendizaje de los alumnos. En su obra prima la sencillez y la claridad expositiva más que la exhaustividad de los contenidos puesto que intenta simplificar y adaptar los contenidos a las necesidades de los destinatarios. Como otros tratados de ortografía que se publicaron en la 1.ª mitad del siglo XIX, el objetivo era que pudieran servir de consulta para los niños en las escuelas y, en su mayoría, se redactaban siguiendo un método didáctico. Los contenidos seguían el método erotemático, presentando las reglas de ortografía siguiendo un formato de preguntas y respuestas. Aparte de las reglas de uso también se fijaba en la pronunciación puesto que la ortografía no se entendía sin ella. La prensa local se hizo eco de los excelentes resultados de los alumnos del centro público en el que impartía docencia Maliá.
Obra
- Tratado de ortografía y prosodia castellana, Imprenta de la viuda de P. A. Serra, Mahón, 1843.
Bibliografía
- González Corrales, Leticia, «Algunas notas sobre las ortografías escolares extraacadémicas del siglo XIX (1800-1857)», Revista argentina de historiografía lingüística, XIII, 2, 2021, págs. 181-199.
- González Corrales, Leticia, «Educadores frente a académicos: posturas contrarias a la Academia en las ortografías escolares del siglo XIX (1800-1844)», BSEHL, 16, 2022, págs. 63-85.
- Martínez Alcalde, M.ª José, La fijación ortográfica del español: norma y argumento historiográfico, Peter Lang, Berna, 2010.
Gloria Martínez Lanzán
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