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Augusta, fr. Félix José de (1860-1935)
Record details
Vida
Este fraile capuchino fue alemán de nacimiento pero mapuche de adopción. De ascendencia judía y librepensadora, vio la luz en la ciudad de Augsburgo (Baviera) con el nombre de August Sthepan Kathan. Estudió Medicina en la Universidad de Múnich y, al terminar sus estudios, decidió dedicarse a la vida religiosa, ordenándose sacerdote en 1890. En 1896 viajó a Chile y rápidamente se internó en la Araucanía –región que había sido asignada un año antes a los capuchinos bávaros, y que se encontraba recién pacificada e incorporada a la vida nacional chilena– realizando labores de evangelización, instrucción y defensa de esta etnia hasta el final de sus días. Murió en la ciudad de Valdivia habiendo recibido gran reconocimiento, por un lado, del pueblo al que dedicó su vida, y, por otro, de la comunidad lingüística chilena.
Gracias a su trato con los indios mapuches, aprendió su lengua a la perfección. Este hecho lo llevó a redactar su Gramática araucana, publicada en 1903, y calurosamente recibida por el mundo intelectual del país –Rodolfo Lenz (1863-1938) colmó la obra de alabanzas–. Culminó su labor con la publicación, en 1916, del Diccionario araucano-español y español-araucano, obra que recibió más reconocimiento, si cabe, que la primera; de él ha aparecido una edición moderna preparada bajo la dirección de Belén Villena Araya, con el título de Diccionario mapudungún-español, español-mapudungún (Universidad Católica de Temuco, Centro de Investigaciones Diego Barros Arana, Temuco, Chile, 2017). Entre medias publicó –en colaboración con un compañero de orden, Sigfredo de Fraunhäusl (1868-¿?)– un compendio de narraciones y canciones mapuches, bajo el título de Lecturas araucanas.
Obra
- Gramática araucana, Imprenta Central, Valdivia, 1903.
- Lecturas araucanas, Imprenta de la Prefectura Apostólica, Valdivia, 1910.
- Diccionario araucano-español y español-araucano, Imprenta Universitaria, Santiago de Chile, 1916.
Bibliografía
- Gallardo B., Andrés: «Fray Félix José de Augusta y el Diccionario Araucano», Cultura-Hombre-Sociedad, III, nº 1, 1986, págs. 173-191.
- Salas, Adalberto: «Fray Félix José de Augusta. Su aporte a los estudios de la lengua y la cultura de los mapuches o araucanos», Cultura-Hombre-Sociedad, II, nº 2, 1985, págs. 197-272.
Jaime Peña Arce
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