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Ayala Manrique, Juan Francisco de (¿?-1693-1729-¿?)
Vida
Juan Francisco de Ayala Manrique fue un lexicógrafo español, que vivió a caballo entre los siglos XVII y XVIII. La vida de este diccionarista es un total y absoluto enigma, ya que su nombre solo ha pasado a la posteridad por ser el autor de un manuscrito, Tesoro de la lengua castellana en que se añaden muchos vocablos, etimologías y advertencias sobre el que escribió el doctíssimo don Sebastián de Covarrubias, atesorado en la Biblioteca Nacional de España.
Dicho manuscrito es el último ejemplo de las diferentes propuestas de ampliación de la obra de Sebastián de Covarrubias (1539-1613), el primer autor de un diccionario monolingüe de una lengua moderna europea, realizadas durante el siglo XVII. La obra, inconclusa, está formada por 1843 entradas que, numeradas, llegan hasta la letra C. En realidad, la aportación de Ayala se reduce a unos 700 artículos, puesto que los demás ya figuraban en la obra del toledano, e incluye variados dialectalismos, arcaísmos y tecnicismos. Según la investigación, nuestro protagonista inició la composición de este repertorio en torno a 1693 y la prolongó más allá de 1729, por lo que no sería extraño que existieran más tomos (hoy perdidos). Al parecer, fue la aparición del primer tomo del Diccionario de autoridades (Imprenta de Francisco del Hierro, Madrid, 1726) lo que frenó que este trabajo, cuya práctica lexicográfica adelanta muchas de las innovaciones propias de la centuria ilustrada, llegara a las prensas. Tales innovaciones son especialmente palpables en su microestructura, ya que, por ejemplo, queda delimitada con claridad la distinción entre las autoridades y las fuentes idiomáticas.
Obra
- Tesoro de la lengua castellana en que se añaden muchos vocablos, etimologías y advertencias sobre el que escribió el doctíssimo don Sebastián de Covarrubias, manuscrito.
Bibliografía
- Azorín Fernández, Dolores, «El ‘Tesoro de la lengua castellana’ (1693) de Juan Francisco Ayala Manrique», en A. M.ª Medina Guerra (ed.), Estudios de lexicografía diacrónica del español (V centenario del ‘Vocabularium Ecclesiasticum’ de Rodrigo Fernández de Santaella, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, 2001, págs. 103-134.
Jaime Peña Arce
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