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Ruiz Blanco, Matías, O. F. M. (1643-1708)
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Vida
Nacido en Estepa (Sevilla, España) vistió muy joven el hábito franciscano, se cree que en el convento de Nuestra Señora de Gracia de su localidad natal. Con solo 23 años ya era maestro de Filosofía en Sevilla. En 1672 viajó al Nuevo Mundo, arribando a las misiones del Píritu, en la Nueva Andalucía (actualmente estado de Falcón, Venezuela). Evangelizando a los indios topocuares, cumanagotos y palenques pasó el resto de su vida, aprendiendo sus lenguas y sus costumbres. Murió en 1708.
Su obra, Manuel de Yangües, Principios y reglas de la lengua cummanagota, general en varias naciones, que habitan en la Provincia de Cummaná en las Indias Occidentales, también conocida como Principios y reglas de la lengua cumanagota, es de autoría discutida. Hay quienes sostienen que fray Matías fue el autor intelectual del texto, mientras que otros autores lo consideran simplemente un corrector y supervisor de la obra de su compañero de orden y coetáneo fray Juan Manuel de Yangües (1630-1676). En el interior de esta obra hay un diccionario monodireccional español-cumanagoto (págs. 73-220). Es destacable que, más que sus obras lingüísticas, fray Matías destaca por los testimonios históricos que dejó en Conversión de Píritu, y que contiene también referencias sobre las lenguas amerindias de la región.
Obra
- Manuel de Yangües, Principios y reglas de la lengua cummanagota, general en varias naciones, que habitan en la Provincia de Cummaná en las Indias Occidentales, Juan de Viar, Burgos, 1683.
- Conversión de Píritu, de indios cumanagotos, palenques, y otros, Juan García Infanzón, Madrid, 1690.
Bibliografía
- Arellano, Fernando, Una introducción a la Venezuela prehispánica: culturas de las naciones indígenas venezolanas, Universidad Católica Andrés Bello, Caracas, 1987, pág. 337.
- Lejarza, Fidel de, O. F. M., «Estudio preliminar» de Conversión de Píritu del P. Matías Ruiz Blanco, O. F. M. y Tratado histórico del P. Ramón Bueno, O. F. M., Academia Nacional de la Historia, Fuentes Para la Historia Colonial de Venezuela, Caracas, 1965.
- Vega Cernuda, Miguel Ángel, «La Conversión de Píritu de Matías Ruiz Blanco, OFM, un texto híbrido de lingüística, traducción y etnografía», In-Traduções, 6, 2014, págs. 155-170.
Jaime Peña Arce
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