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Carochi, Horacio, S. I. (ca. 1579-1662)
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Horacio Carochi, como se firmaba en español, u Orazio Carocci, en italiano, vio la luz en Florencia hacia 1579. Ingresó en la Compañía de Jesús en Roma en 1601 y comenzó allí sus estudios de Filosofía. Antes de terminarlos fue destinado a las Indias –en concreto a la Nueva España– donde arribó a comienzos de la nueva centuria. Completó su formación en el Colegio de San Pedro y San Pablo de la capital novohispana. Se acercó a las poblaciones indígenas y estudió las lenguas habladas en el área de San Luis de la Paz (estado de Guanajuato, México) y Tepotzotlán (estado de México, México), nahua y otomí, de la mano del primer jesuita mexicano de sangre indígena, Antonio del Rincón (ca. 1556-1601). Simultaneó su labor pastoral con el desempeño de cargos académicos en la ciudad de México, llegando a ser rector del Colegio Máximo de la capital. Murió en Tepotzotlán el 14 de julio de 1662.
Producto de su gran conocimiento de la lengua nahua es su Arte de la lengua mexicana publicada, en México en 1645, y reeditada en 1892. En 1759 el también jesuita Ignacio de Paredes (1703-1762) publicó un compendio de este texto.
Obra
- Arte de la lengua mexicana con la declaración de los adverbios della, Juan Ruiz, México, 1645. Reeditada en 1892.
- Compendio del arte de la lengua mexicana [...] dispuesto con brevedad, claridad, y propiedad por el P. Ignacio de Paredes [...], Imprenta de la Bibliotheca Mexicana, México, 1759. Reeditada en 1910.
Bibliografía
- O’Neill Charles E., S. I. y Joaquín María Domínguez, S.I. (coords.), Diccionario histórico de la Compañía de Jesús, Universidad Pontificia de Comillas-Institutum Historicum, Madrid, 2001.
- Ramírez, José Fernando, Las partículas nahuas: estudio basado en la gramática de Horacio Carochi, Arte de la Lengua Mexicana, Editorial Cosmos, México, 1980.
- Schwaller, John F., «Nahuatl studies and the ‘circle’ of Horacio Carochi», Estudios de Cultura Náhuatl, 34, 1994, págs. 379-398.
Jaime Peña Arce
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