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Dávila, Nicolás (1596-post 1631)
Vida
Nicolás Dávila Perea era de Cartagena (Murcia), pues así lo dice en la portada de su ortografía, pese a que se ha pretendido su nacimiento en Murcia. Rubio Paredes ha publicado el acta de su bautismo en Cartagena, el 25 de noviembre de 1596. Pertenecía a una familia acomodada de la ciudad, uno de cuyos hermanos era Gaspar Dávila (1580-ante 1656), poeta y dramaturgo. A los diecisiete años se hallaba estudiando Humanidades en el Seminario Mayor de San Fulgencio de Murcia, donde debió ser discípulo del humanista Francisco Cascales (1563-1642). Muy pronto se trasladó a la corte, en la que se encontraba en 1613. Allí establecería contactos con personajes conocidos, como lo prueban los poemas que anteceden al libro del que vamos a hablar. En 1631 era preceptor del Conde de Castellar, y después las noticias sobre su vida decaen, por lo que se ha conjeturado que moriría en los primeros años de la década de 1630.
Aunque poeta, de labor modesta, nos es conocido por ser autor de un breve Compendio de la ortografía castellana en el que casi un tercio del librito lo constituyen los preliminares. Con él deseaba contribuir a fijar la escritura de nuestra lengua, objetivo que parece evidente en cualquier tratado de ortografía. Se suma a la tendencia que ponía en relación la ortografía con la pronunciación, señalando la identidad que hay entre ambas. En la primera parte da cuenta del uso de las letras (veinticinco en su exposición; la h para él no es propiamente una letra, sino aspiración) y en la segunda de los signos de puntuación.
Obra
- Compendio de la ortografía castellana, Oficina de Francisco Martínez, Madrid, 1631.
Bibliografía
- Hernández Sánchez, Eulalia, «Contribución de Nicolás Dávila a la teoría ortográfica en el siglo XVII», en Antonio Roldán Pérez, Ricardo Escavy Zamora, Eulalia Hernández Sánchez, José Miguel Hernández Terrés y Mª Isabel López Martínez, Caminos actuales de la historiografía lingüística. Actas del V Congreso Internacional de la Sociedad Española de Historiografía Lingüística. Murcia, 7-11 de noviembre de 2005, Universidad de Murcia, Secretariado de Publicaciones, Murcia, 2006, I, págs. 787-802.
- Rubio Paredes, José María, «Gaspar y Nicolás Dávila, como sus hermanos, nacieron en Cartagena», Murgetana, LXVIII, 1985, págs. 17-35.
Manuel Alvar Ezquerra
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