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Fernández Nodal, José (¿primera mitad del s. XIX?-¿finales del s. XIX o comienzos del s. XX?)
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Vida
José Fernández Nodal fue un abogado, gramático, indianista e incaísta peruano activo a finales del s. XIX. Los datos que poseemos sobre su vida son bastante escasos.
Fue una de las figuras más representativas del incaísmo decimonónico peruano, entendido como herramienta para la construcción de la identidad nacional del país andino. Esta corriente de pensamiento fue exacerbado por la proximidad de la Guerra del Pacífico (1879-1883) contra Chile; en este contexto debe encuadrarse la obra de Fernández Nodal, muy marcada por tintes nacionalistas. El autor dedicó su vida a la defensa de comunidad incaica –y de su lengua, el quechua– y a su inclusión en la sociedad peruana de la época. Para ello, hizo especial hincapié en la educación, llegando a remitir un escrito al papa Pío IX (1792-1878) –luego publicado bajo el título de Los peruanos ante sus autoridades y el sacrosanto concilio ecuménico de Roma, 1872– en que defendía la inclusión de la enseñanza en la lengua de los incas. Unos años antes (1870), había editado en castellano el famoso drama inca, Ollantay.
Sus Elementos de gramática quichua o idioma de los yncas son un texto más amplio y complejo que el de su coetáneo Anchorena (1834-1906), obra en la que la exaltación patriótica de que hace gala el autor queda reflejada tanto en el proemio, como en algunos de los ejercicios de traducción que propone.
Obra
- Elementos de gramática quichua o idioma de los yncas, En el depósito del autor, Cuzco, [1872].
Bibliografía
- Espino Relucé, Gonzalo, «Del wawqi al indio, del quechua a la castellanización», Escritura y Pensamiento (Lima), 11 (22), 2008, págs. 87-101.
- Yvinec, Maud, «Idioma, indio y nación en el Perú decimonónico: defensas e ilustraciones de la ‘lengua de los Incas’», Colloque des Jeunes Hispanistes, ENS LSH, 2008.
Jaime Peña Arce
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