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Gesner, Conrad (1516-1565)

Vida

El suizo Conrad Gesner nació en Zúrich, habiendo estudiado en las universidades de Estrasburgo, Bourges y París, regresando pronto a Zúrich, aunque pronto marchó a Basilea para estudiar la medicina, estudios que completó en Montpellier, habiendo ejercido la profesión en su ciudad natal, donde también fue canónigo, habiendo terminado en ella sus días. Su interés por la medicina y los remedios médicos le llevó a ser un buen conocedor y estudioso de la botánica y de la zoología. Gesner fue un hombre de profundos conocimientos en varias materias, con una extensa producción entre la que a los filólogos interesan particularmente la Historia Animalium (en varios tomos, y con abundantes ediciones), en la que se recogen los saberes de la época, y la observación directa del autor, sobre los animales. cuyos nombres aparecen en varias lenguas (entre ellas el español), aunque no de manera constante. Frecuentemente, contrapone los nombres en las diversas lenguas para explicar su etimología, con los conocimientos de la época, esto es, su origen, procedencia, relación con los nombres en otras lenguas. Al principio de cada uno de los tomos, Gesner pone unas tablas, por lenguas, con esos nombres, con la indicación de la página en que se tratan. No deja de ser curioso su Mithridates. De differentiis linguarum tum veterum tum quae hodie apud diuersas nationes in toto orbe terrarm in usu sunt Froschoverus, Zúrich, 1555), donde cataloga por orden alfabético 130 lenguas conocidas, con una breve descripción de cada una de ellas.

Obra

  • Historiæ Animalium Lib. I de Quadripedibus uiuiparis. Opus Philosophis, Medicis, Grammaticis, Philologis, Poëtis, & omnibus rerum linguarumque studiosis, utilissimum simul incumdissmumque futurum, Crist. Froschoverum, Zúrich, 1551.
  • Historiæ Animalium Liber II de Quadrupedibus ouiparis, C. Froschoverus, Zúrich, 1554.
  • Appendix Historiæ Quadrupedum uiuiparorum & ouiparorum, C. Froschoverus, Zúrich, 1554.
  • Historiæ Animalium Liber III qui est de Auium natura […], Christoph. Froschoverum, Zúrich, 1555.
  • Historiæ Animalium Liber IIII qui est de Piscium & Aquatilium animantium natura […], Christoph. Froschoverum, Zúrich, 1558.
  • Historiæ Animalium Lib. V qui est de Serpentium natura, Officina Froschoviana, Zúrich, 1587. Edición preparada por por Jacobo Carron.
  • Icones avium omnium, quæ in Historia avium Conradi Gesneri describuntur, cum nomenclaturis singulorum latinis, italicis, gallicis et germanicis plerunque, per certos ordines digestæ, C. Froschoverus, Zúrich, 1560.
  • Icones animalium quadrupedum viviparorum et oviparorum, quæ in Historiæ animalium Conradi Gesneri libro I. et II. describuntur, cum nomenclaturis singulorum latinis, græcis, italicis, gallicis et germanicis plerunque et aliarum quoque linguarum, certis ordinibus digestæ, C. Froschoverus, Zúrich, 1560.
  • Nomenclator aquatilium animantium. Icones animalium aquatilum in mari & dulcibus aquis degentium, plusquam Dcc. cum nomenclaturis singulorum latinis, græcis, italicis, hispanicis, gallicis, germanicis, anglicis, alijsque interdum, per certos ordines digestæ, Christoph. Froschoverus, Zúrich, 1560.
  • Historiæ insectorum libellum, qui est de scorpione. Per Casparum Wolphium tigurinum medicum ex relicto schedarum fasciculo methodice collectus & in lucem editus, Officina Froschoviana, Zúrich, 1587.

Bibliografía

  • Alvar Ezquerra, Manuel, «Léxico español en la Historia animalium de Conrad Gesner», Archivo de Filología Aragonesa, LIX- LX, 2002-2004, In memoriam Manuel Alvar (1923-2001), Rosa Mª Castañer y José Mª Enguita (eds.), I, págs. 149-167.
  • Serrai, Alfredo, Conrad Gesner. A cura di Maria Cochetti (con una bibliografia delle opere allestita da Marco Menato), Bulzoni editore, Roma 1990.
  • Braun, Lucien, Conrad Gessner, Editions Slatkine, Ginebra, 1990.
  • Gallina, Annamaria, Contributi alla storia della lessicografia italo-espagnola dei secoli XVI e XVII, Leo S. Olschki, Florencia, 1959, págs. 47-55.

Manuel Alvar Ezquerra

Last update of the Biblioteca Virtual de la Filología Española 02/04/2025

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