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Guerra, Juan, O. F. M. (¿mediados del s. XVII-principios del s. XVIII?)
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Juan Guerra fue un religioso franciscano natural de Carmona (Sevilla), aunque no sabemos cuándo nació, ni cuándo murió. Se desconoce en qué fecha arribó al Nuevo Mundo. De su estancia en la Nueva España, donde parece que vivió hasta morir, se sabe que se afincó en la zona noroccidental, en aquel momento denominada Nueva Galicia (actuales estados de Nayarit, Jalisco, Sinaloa, Zacatecas y Aguascalientes). Desempeñó diversos cargos en instituciones de su orden en diversas ciudades de la zona. Finalmente ocupó una cátedra de Nahua y Teología Moral en Guadalajara (Jalisco), por lo que cabe suponerle una formación académica considerable, basada no solo en el conocimiento trabado de las lenguas amerindias. Fue coetáneo y compañero de orden del también gramático del nahua Agustín de Vetancurt (1620-1700). Sus obras guardan entre sí notables filiaciones, de hecho es este último quien firma la aprobación de la obra de Guerra.
Su Arte de la lengua mexicana presenta la peculiaridad de ser una gramática de un dialecto del nahua, concretamente del occidental, hablado en el área en la que habitó Guerra y que difiere notablemente del propio de la zona central del Altiplano. A pesar del gran prestigio que llegó a alcanzar esta obra, solo fue reimpresa en dos ocasiones: 1699 y 1900. En la parte final, contiene una nomenclatura titulada Copia de los verbos, nombres, y adverbios, de los significados que cada qual dellos tiene.
Obras
- Arte de la lengua mexicana según la acostumbran hablar los Indios en todo el Obispado de Guadalaxara, parte del de Guadiana, y del de Mechoacán, Viuda de Francisco Rodríguez Lupercio, México, 1692.
Bibliografía
- Alvar Ezquerra, Manuel, Las nomenclaturas del español (siglos XIV-XIX), Liceus, Madrid, 2013, págs. 242-244.
- Pacheco Ávila, Concpeción Lucero, Presencia de las gramáticas nebrisenses en la elaboración de tres artes nahuas del siglo XVII, tesis doctoral, 2008, pág. 89 y sigtes.
- Yáñez Rosales, Rosa H., Guerra espiritual y resistencia indígena. El discurso de evangelización en el obispado de Guadalajara 1521-1765, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara-Jalisco, 2002, págs. 36 y 40.
Jaime Peña Arce
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