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Martel, José (1883-1979) y Hymen Alpern (1895-1967)
José Martel
Vida
No conservamos muchos datos acerca de la vida de José Martel, quien nació en 1883 y falleció en 1979. Gracias la información reflejada en sus obras publicadas podemos saber que, durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1945), en torno al año de 1943, Martel era profesor asistente de español en el College de la ciudad de Nueva York y que, anteriormente a esa fecha, debió desempeñar los cargos de instructor de la Armada española y de profesor asociado de la Academia Naval de los Estados Unidos.
Tanto de forma individual, como en colaboración con Hymen Alpern (1895-1967), profesor de español de la ciudad de Nueva York, José Martel publicó numerosas obras dedicadas a la literatura española e hispanoamericana. De la colaboración de ambos autores podemos destacar su edición con notas de la obra de Armando Palacio Valdés (1853-1938), La novela de un novelista / Palacio Valdés; notes, exercises, and vocabulary by H. Alpern and J. Martel; with a critical introduction by Federico de Onís (Heath and Co., Boston, 1931); una edición de comedias del Siglo de Oro, Diez comedias del siglo de oro: an annotated omnibus of ten complete plays by the most representative Spanish dramatists of the golden age (Harper & brothers, Nueva York, 1939); y Teatro hispanoamericano (Odyssey Press, Nueva York, 1956). Aparte de las publicaciones centradas en la literatura, Martel y Alpern publicaron dos obras centradas en la lengua española. En 1943, vio la luz un manual destinado a los militares, Spanish-English military language manual, con explicaciones contenidas en el volumen escritas íntegramente en inglés, relegando el español a las traducciones de los términos que se quieren explicar, que van desde todos aquellos relacionados con el mundo militar -categorías del ejército, los comandos, mapas, etc.- hasta aquellos términos referentes a la vida cotidiana civil, como el vocabulario del cuerpo humano y de la familia, y el relacionado con viajes, diversión y turismo. Casi dos décadas después, los profesores Martel y Alpern volvieron a colaborar en una obra titulada Spanish omnibus for all levels: a Comprehensive Survey for High School and College (1963), una obra destinada a los institutos y universidades sobre la gramática del español, que contó con numerosos ejemplos de exámenes, y que se ha seguido distribuyendo hasta nuestros días.
Obra
- Alpern, Hymen y José Martel, Spanish-English military language manual, The Gregg Publishing Company, Nueva York, 1943.
- Martel, José y Hymen Alpern, Spanish omnibus for all levels: a Comprehensive Survey for High School and College, College Entrance Book Co., Nueva York, 1963.
Estela Calero Hernández
Hymen Alpern
Véase Alpern, Hymen y también Wilkins, Lawrence Augustus y Hymen Alpern
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